by Alex Kornfeld“EW, DAVID”, ORANGE MIGHT NOT BE YOUR COLOR
DO INMATES HAVE TO WEAR AN ORANGE JUMPSUIT TO TRIAL
No, a defendant does not have to go to trial while wearing an orange jumpsuit or a jail uniform. On the other hand, if plans are not made a defendant can go to trial in his jail uniform.
The Defendant must make plans to make sure appropriate attire is delivered to him or his counsel prior to a trial. In most cases, it makes sense to deliver the defendant’s clothes directly to their representative’s office. Dropping clothes off at the lawyer’s office or at the courthouse on the date of a trial limits the number of those handling the clothing.
It is possible that it could be to a defendant’s benefit to be in an orange jumpsuit at trial but that would be rare. An example in which it may be beneficial to be in an orange jumpsuit would be an elderly person or single parent charged with a minor offense.
So, what should a defendant wear to trial? That is a fact-specific question. One must consider the venue, the charge, the possible victims, etc? What color should a defendant wear? Definitely not orange or maybe orange? Should the defendant wear a suit or something less formal?
If you or your loved one is going to Court, it is an important consideration that should not be overlooked.
Source: Humbert v. State, 345 S.C. 332, 548 S.E.2d 862 (S.C. 2001)
“Petitioner claims he received ineffective assistance of counsel because defense counsel allowed the case to proceed to trial while petitioner was wearing a jail uniform, shackles, and an identification bracelet bearing his mug shot. We disagree.”
“We find it generally improper for a defendant to appear for a jury trial dressed in readily identifiable prison clothing.”
by Alex KornfeldSUBPOENA THE WITNESS
South Carolina Court of Appeals Give Guidance On When A Continuance Should Be Granted In State v. Antwuan L. Nelson
Antwuan L. Nelson was charged with murder, possession of a weapon during a violent crime, and possession with intent to distribute cocaine base.
On January 27th, 2014, officers responded to a shooting in Myrtle Beach. Several people told officers that a black man wearing a black jacket standing beside a red car had just shot someone.
The case went to trial on June 14th, 2017. After the State rested, Defense counsel informed the trial court that two witnesses that were subpoenaed were not in court. Counsel informed the court that one of the witnesses was in the hospital. Counsel also informed the Court that he did not comply with Rule 7, SCRCrimp by providing an affidavit concerning the expected testimony with respect to the witness. See page 30 of 86. 115 (c),
The Court recessed until the next day and Defense counsel did present the court with an affidavit pursuant to Rule 7(B) reasoning his witness was material and indispensable whose testimony could not be attained. Nelon’s Counsel then requested a mistrial. The prosecutor argued Defense’s witness was not hospitalized until the second day of trial and was not served with the subpoena until after that so the Court should not grant a mistrial. Defendant’s counsel explained that his witness was going to appear voluntarily so he did not think a subpoena was necessary until she went into the hospital so it took him by surprise. Defense counsel knew his witness would be important as she could speak to mutual combat, voluntary manslaughter, and self-defense.
The Court denied Defense counsel motion. Nelson was found guilty and sentenced to 25 years’ in prison for voluntary manslaughter and 5 years for possession of a weapon during the commission of a violent crime.
The issue on appeal is “whether the trial court erred in refusing to grant a continuance or declare a mistrial when a key witness who would have testified that the decedent came to her apartment looking for Nelson with a shotgun and shot first at Nelson, was in the hospital. “
In making its ruling, the Court of Appeals referenced Rule 7(b), SCRCrimP, the weight of the missing witness’s testimony, S.C. Const. art. I, §14, and the Sixth Amendment of the US Constitution.
It appears the Court considered the witness’s previous statement given to Officers, the fact that the witness was going to voluntarily testify until she was unexpectedly admitted to the hospital on June 13, 2017, and the fact that Defense counsel complied with Rule 7(b).
Nelson is granted a NEW trial and is currently still incarcerated in the South Carolina Department of Corrections.
In reading the opinion it is clear the Court narrowly tailored their ruling and it appears to suggest witnesses should be subpoenaed regardless of their willingness to testify.
Source: State v. Nelson
by Alex KornfeldDID YOU KNOW A DELL COMPUTER CAN COST 24 YEARS? BEING UNSUCCESSFUL IN BURGLARY IRRELEVANT IF CRIMINAL INTENT PROVEN, SC COURT OF APPEALS RULES
Rickey Santoine Henley appealed his 1st degree burglary conviction on 4 grounds.
On February 15, 2012 a witness drove passed the home of Amanda and Jamie Moss when he noticed a gray car backed into the Moss’s carport with the back door open and a black male running from the home’s front door to a side door. The witness found it unusual and drove back to the Moss’s home where he observed that same man standing in the doorway. The man got in his car, pulled out of the Moss’s driveway, stopped in front of the witnesses. The witness was pulling a trailer with a lawmower. The man asked the witness if he needed any help with lawn care. The witness told him no and the man drove away. The witness called 911 and described the car, the description of the man, and gave dispatchers the man’s license plate number.
Detective’s went to the Moss’s home. The only thing missing from their home was a Dell laptop computer. Mrs. Moss testified a cigarette butt found near her steps did not belong to her or her husband. A search of the license plate revealed the 97 Bonneville was owned by Henley and his girlfriend. A deputy went to Henley’s home on February 22, 2012 where he saw the Bonneville with the same license plate. Henley admitted he’d been on the road the Moss’ live on and that he smoked Newport cigarettes. Henley was arrested for 1st degree burglary and larceny a day later.
First, Henley was found not guilty of larceny connected in a previous trial in which the burglary concerning this case was also tried. The jury was hung on the burglary 1st. The Judge granted a mistrial concerning the burglary 1st. A new trial was held and Henley was found guilty of the burglary 1st and sentenced to 24 years in prison which brings us to this blog about his appeal.
Because he was found not guilty of larceny and the jury was hung concerning the burglary charge Henley argued his burglary should have been dismissed because to not do so would be double jeopardy. Unfortunately for Henley, The Court of Appeals did not agree. The Court of Appeals ultimately reasoned that burglary merely requires that “the person enters a dwelling without consent and with the intent to commit a crime in the dwelling”. In the previous trial the jury only found that the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Henley took the Dell computer, they were hung on the burglary.
Further reasoning, “there was no requirement that the State actually prove he successfully committed a separate crime within Victim’s home to prove the burglary charge.” In short, just because you’re not good a burglary or successful in your endeavor doesn’t preclude you form being tried on a burglary.
Second, Henley argued it was improper to exclude evidence of the prior larceny acquittal. The trial court did a weighted (401, 402, and 403) analysis and ultimately found that Henley’s acquittal on the larceny charge was irrelevant because it did not make the existence of any fact or consequence in the proceeding more or less probable with respect to the elements of first degree burglary. The Court of Appeals further articulated it’s ruling that it was true that the State must prove Henley entered the victim’s home without her consent AND with intent to commit a crime BUT there was no requirement the State prove that Henry was successful in committing that crime (here, taking a Dell computer). Further, the Court was concerned it would have invited this jury to speculate about what occurred at the first trial. Interestingly, The Court of Appeals opinion does not discuss what Henley’s intent was when he entered the home. If it wasn’t to steal the Dell laptop, what was it??
Third, the Court limited Henley’s attempt to get the admission of a witness’s prior trial testimony into evidence. At the first trial, Henley’s girlfriend testified but in preparation for this trial Henley could not find the girlfriend. Henley cited Rule 804(b)(1) arguing the previous testimony was admissible under a hearsay exception where the witness is unavailable. Henley represented to the Court he was unable to find the witness. The State wanted to try to find the witness as well and the trial court replied, “Okay. If you can find her, get her.” The State did make contact with her on the phone. The witnesses stated she was in Anderson County and that she did not receive a subpoena. The paramount question concerning the admissibility of the testimony from the prior trial was whether Henley was able to procure Gray’s attendance by process or other reasonable means. The trial court let some of the testimony in but excluded the rest.
The Court of Appeals stated because Rule 804(a)(5) requires the declarant’s unavailability despite “process or other reasonable means” the Court believes the witnesses testimony was inadmissible hearsay.
It is undisputed that the witness did not receive a subpoena (process). One can deduce that The Court of Appeals was not persuaded that Henley met the requirement to use other reasonable means to get the witness to Court. The only evidence Henley gave concerning his attempt to meet the requirement of other reasonable means was to offer his investigator as to all efforts that she made to try and locate the witness. In hindsight, appears it would have been wise to call the investigator so the trial court could weigh the specific lengths of which Henley’s investigator took to locate the witness and whether this met the other reasonable means standard.
In reading the opinion, it appears Henley was offering the testimony of the investigator in the most gracious of ways but at that time the State did not have an objection. To make matters worse for Henley, the State found her via a phone call in what appears to be a very short amount of time.
Fourth and finally, Henley argued the trial court improperly denied his motion to exclude evidence of DNA testing conducted on the cigarette butt found at the crime scene because the State could not present a complete chain of custody and the cigarette butt was not available for comparison to the crime scene photograph at trial. Further, the State’s negligence in destroying the cigarette butt constituted bad faith.
The Court of Appeals disagreed. Henley had to prove that either the state destroyed evidence in bad faith, OR that the state destroyed evidence that possessed an exculpatory value that IS apparent before the evidence was destroyed and the defendant cannot obtain other evidence of comparable value by other means. “Bad faith cannot be inferred simply because the evidence was lost.” The Court was also unconcerned with whether the cigarette butt was available for comparison reasoning it would not have contributed anything of value. The Court seemed to reason this was favorable to Henley because it allowed him to argue that the evidence was lost and to criticize the State’s investigation as a whole.
So, Dell Laptops can cost 24 years. Are they even making those things anymore?
Source: https://www.sccourts.org/opinions/HTMLFiles/COA/5694.pdf